白色恐怖介紹

莫須有

mo xu you

ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄩ ㄧㄡˇ

1.unwarranted; groundless; fabricated; trumped-up

國語辭典

ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄩ ㄧㄡˇ

或許有，指憑空捏造罪名

他以莫須有的罪名被抓起來了

Mccarthyism

n. practice of accusing citizens of being Communist or disloyal without proof (named after Sen. Joseph McCarthy); policy of using accusations or personal investigation to restrict political opposition

Mccarthy (McCarthy)

n. family name; Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957), Republican U.S. Senator, leader of Senate anti-Communist hearings during the Cold War (his Communist "witch hunt" came to be known as McCarthyism)

White Terror

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For other uses, see White Terror (disambiguation).

In general, the term White Terror refers to acts of violence carried out by reactionary (usually monarchist or conservative) groups as part of a counter-revolution. In particular, during the 20th century, in several countries the term White Terror was applied to acts of violence against real or suspected socialists and communists.

Contents [hide] 1 Historical origin 2 Anti-communist White Terrors 2.1 Bulgarian White Terror 2.2 Chinese White Terror 2.3 Ethiopian White Terror 2.4 Finnish White Terror 2.5 German White Terror 2.6 Greek White Terror 2.7 Hungarian White Terror 2.8 Russian White Terror 2.9 South Korean White Terror 2.10 Spanish White Terror 2.11 Taiwanese White Terror 3 See also 4 Notes

[edit] Historical origin

Main articles: First White Terror and Second White Terror

The name derives from the traditional use of the colour white as a symbol of the Bourbon monarchy, as opposed to the red white and blue used by revolutionaries/republicans.

The original White Terror took place in 1794, during the turbulent times surrounding the French Revolution. It was organized by reactionary "Chouan" royalist forces in the aftermath of the Reign of Terror, and was targeted at the radical Jacobins and anyone suspected of supporting them.^[1] Throughout France, both real and suspected Jacobins were attacked and often murdered.^{[citation needed]} Just like during the Reign of Terror, trials were held with little regard for due process. In other cases, gangs of youths who had aristocratic connections roamed the streets beating known Jacobins.^{[citation needed]} These "bands of Jesus" dragged suspected terrorists from prisons and murdered them much as alleged royalists had been murdered during the September Massacres of 1792.^{[citation needed]}

Again, in 1815, following the return of King Louis XVIII of France to power, people suspected of having ties with the governments of the French Revolution or of Napoleon suffered arrest and execution. Marshal Brune was killed in Avignon, and General J.P. Ramel was assassinated in Toulouse. These actions struck fear in the population, dissuading Jacobin and Bonapartist electors (48,000 on 72,000 total permitted by the census suffrage) to vote for the ultras. Of 402 members, the first Chamber of the Restoration was composed of 350 ultra-royalists; the king himself thus named it the Chambre introuvable ("the Unobtainable Chamber"). The Chamber voted oppressive laws, sentencing to death Marshal Ney and general la Bédoyère, while 250 people were given prison sentences and some others exiled (Joseph Fouché, Lazare Carnot, Cambacérès).